Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421ASSESSING PATHOGENESIS OF THE WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) IN THE WHITELEGED SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI)ASSESSING PATHOGENESIS OF THE WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) IN THE WHITELEGED SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI)1811492510.22092/isfj.2007.114925FAM. AfsharnasabA. DashtiannasabV. YeganehJournal Article20180106The pathogenesis of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was studied experimentally with challenge exposure of one hundred post larvae Litopenaeus vannamei each aged 40 days.<br />The shrimp L. vannaemi larvae were first examined with Shrimp PC<sub>a</sub>R<sub>e</sub> Simplex detection kit and found to be free of WSSV. The Fenerropenaeus indicus tissues that showed the clinical signs and were PCR positive for the white spot disease (WSD) were used as the source of WSSV. The challenge exposure was accomplished by feeding minced tissue of the F. indicus to L. vannaemi for 24 hours. Based on the results, the L.vannamei revealed the clinical sign of WSD after three days, the PCR was positive and all the shrimp specimens were died after ten days. The control group of the shrimp did not show any sign of WSD and their PCR was negative during the experiment.
The pathogenesis of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was studied experimentally with challenge exposure of one hundred post larvae Litopenaeus vannamei each aged 40 days.<br />The shrimp L. vannaemi larvae were first examined with Shrimp PC<sub>a</sub>R<sub>e</sub> Simplex detection kit and found to be free of WSSV. The Fenerropenaeus indicus tissues that showed the clinical signs and were PCR positive for the white spot disease (WSD) were used as the source of WSSV. The challenge exposure was accomplished by feeding minced tissue of the F. indicus to L. vannaemi for 24 hours. Based on the results, the L.vannamei revealed the clinical sign of WSD after three days, the PCR was positive and all the shrimp specimens were died after ten days. The control group of the shrimp did not show any sign of WSD and their PCR was negative during the experiment.
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS WITH HEAVY METALS CD, CN, FE, PH IN THE EAST OF ANZALI LAGOONCONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS WITH HEAVY METALS CD, CN, FE, PH IN THE EAST OF ANZALI LAGOON91611492610.22092/isfj.2007.114926FAH. BabaeiH. KkodaparastA. AbediniJournal Article20180106<span>The surface layer of sediments in the east of the Anzali Lagoon was surveyed for heavy metal contamination during the year 2004 at the National Inland Water Aquaculture Institute. Samples were obtained by sediment sampler (Eckman Grab) from Pirbazar River, Pasikhan and Selkeh. The samples were dried and treated by wet digestion (HNO<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, HCLO<sub>4</sub>) under open reflux condition. Concentration of Pb, Fe, Cu and Cd were 7.92, 0.2775%, 25.8 and 1.645 </span><span>m</span><span>g/g dry weight respectively. The Fe and Cu have the highest concentration. We found that in the study area, Pirbazar was the most contaminated with the selected heavy metals.</span><span>The surface layer of sediments in the east of the Anzali Lagoon was surveyed for heavy metal contamination during the year 2004 at the National Inland Water Aquaculture Institute. Samples were obtained by sediment sampler (Eckman Grab) from Pirbazar River, Pasikhan and Selkeh. The samples were dried and treated by wet digestion (HNO<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, HCLO<sub>4</sub>) under open reflux condition. Concentration of Pb, Fe, Cu and Cd were 7.92, 0.2775%, 25.8 and 1.645 </span><span>m</span><span>g/g dry weight respectively. The Fe and Cu have the highest concentration. We found that in the study area, Pirbazar was the most contaminated with the selected heavy metals.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421ESTIMATION OF GROWTH PARAMETERS AND MORTALITY RATES OF KINGFISH (SCOMBEROMORUS COMMERSON) IN THE NORTH PERSIAN GULF (KHUZESTAN PROVINCE)ESTIMATION OF GROWTH PARAMETERS AND MORTALITY RATES OF KINGFISH (SCOMBEROMORUS COMMERSON) IN THE NORTH PERSIAN GULF (KHUZESTAN PROVINCE)172811492710.22092/isfj.2007.114927FAA. Taghavi MotlaghA. GhaltaeiH. EmadiJournal Article20180106<span>Length composition data from monthly catches of Scomberomorus commerson landed in Choebdeh and Hendijan fish landing places in Khuzestan province, north Persian Gulf, were collected from 2004 to 2005. We used the data to estimate growth parameters and mortality coefficients of the fish. Response surface analysis produced by the ELEFAN program provided a complete set of Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimation. We found L</span><span>¥</span><span>= 120cm (fork length), K = 0.49 per year and to = -0.11 year for the fish. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.022 * L<sup>2.7575</sup> with r<sup>2</sup>= 0.978S. Based on the calculated b, we conclude that the fish has an isometric growth pattern.<br />The total, natural and fishing mortality coefficients were estimated as, Z = 1.58, M = 0.58 and F = 1.0, respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) for this species was estimated as 0.63 per year. The E-value indicates that the kingfish in this part of the Persian Gulf has been overexploited. Current fishing pattern in the Khuzestan province shows that 97.07 % of the cumulative length frequency and 78.18 % of the cumulative weight frequency of the landed fish are under standard size. Results of this study indicate that exploitation of kingfish does not follow an optimum trend and if this trend continues, the stock of Scomberomorus commerson in this area will be threatened.</span><span>Length composition data from monthly catches of Scomberomorus commerson landed in Choebdeh and Hendijan fish landing places in Khuzestan province, north Persian Gulf, were collected from 2004 to 2005. We used the data to estimate growth parameters and mortality coefficients of the fish. Response surface analysis produced by the ELEFAN program provided a complete set of Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimation. We found L</span><span>¥</span><span>= 120cm (fork length), K = 0.49 per year and to = -0.11 year for the fish. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.022 * L<sup>2.7575</sup> with r<sup>2</sup>= 0.978S. Based on the calculated b, we conclude that the fish has an isometric growth pattern.<br />The total, natural and fishing mortality coefficients were estimated as, Z = 1.58, M = 0.58 and F = 1.0, respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) for this species was estimated as 0.63 per year. The E-value indicates that the kingfish in this part of the Persian Gulf has been overexploited. Current fishing pattern in the Khuzestan province shows that 97.07 % of the cumulative length frequency and 78.18 % of the cumulative weight frequency of the landed fish are under standard size. Results of this study indicate that exploitation of kingfish does not follow an optimum trend and if this trend continues, the stock of Scomberomorus commerson in this area will be threatened.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421COLIFORM POLLUTION IN THE SOUTH CASPIAN SEA, GUILAN PROVINCE (ASTARA TO CHABOOKSAR)COLIFORM POLLUTION IN THE SOUTH CASPIAN SEA, GUILAN PROVINCE (ASTARA TO CHABOOKSAR)293811492810.22092/isfj.2007.114928FAS. KhatibhaghighiJournal Article20180106<span>Coliform pollution brought about by the agricultural, industrial and urban sewage in the south Caspian Sea, </span>GuilanProvince<span> was studied. The study was carried out in coastal areas 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 meters deep at eight stations using the routine method. The monthly sampling showed that the highest and lowest contamination levels were in the shallowest and the deepest sampled areas respectively. Also, the highest coliform count was seen during winter amounting to 11.40 coliforms in 100cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> of sea water. We also observed the highest E. coli contamination equal to 4.87 in 100cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> of sea water during summer period. We conclude that the present condition could be dangerous to the </span>Caspian Sea<span> environment and the people closely related to the sea.</span><span>Coliform pollution brought about by the agricultural, industrial and urban sewage in the south Caspian Sea, </span>GuilanProvince<span> was studied. The study was carried out in coastal areas 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 meters deep at eight stations using the routine method. The monthly sampling showed that the highest and lowest contamination levels were in the shallowest and the deepest sampled areas respectively. Also, the highest coliform count was seen during winter amounting to 11.40 coliforms in 100cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> of sea water. We also observed the highest E. coli contamination equal to 4.87 in 100cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> of sea water during summer period. We conclude that the present condition could be dangerous to the </span>Caspian Sea<span> environment and the people closely related to the sea.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421EXPERIMENTS ON POLYCULTURE OF SANDER LUCIOPERCA WITH CHINESE CARPEXPERIMENTS ON POLYCULTURE OF SANDER LUCIOPERCA WITH CHINESE CARP394811492910.22092/isfj.2007.114929FAA. KhavalJournal Article20180106A series of experiments were conducted on the polyculture of Pike Perch Sander lucioperca with silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp and common carp. The experiments were carried out from April to November 2004 in Sefidrood Fisheries Research Station, Guilan Province of Iran. The carp density was 3000 fish individuals per hectare and stocking rates were 60% for silver carp, 10% for common carp, 10% for bighead carp and 20% grass carp.<br />The Pike Perch fingerlings each weighting 2.1±0.254 grams, were released into the polyculture ponds at a rate of 250 individuals per hectare. We recorded survival rates 93.33% and 83.77% for the Pike Perch and the Chinese Carps respectively. During the experiments, the Pike Perch fingerlings attained an average weight of 54.40±13.23 grams. We found significant differences between the results of the Pike Perch polyculture with Chinese carps and those of the common procedures. The total polyculture production was 4446.66 kilograms per hectare as opposed to 3212.8 kilograms in the common procedures.
A series of experiments were conducted on the polyculture of Pike Perch Sander lucioperca with silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp and common carp. The experiments were carried out from April to November 2004 in Sefidrood Fisheries Research Station, Guilan Province of Iran. The carp density was 3000 fish individuals per hectare and stocking rates were 60% for silver carp, 10% for common carp, 10% for bighead carp and 20% grass carp.<br />The Pike Perch fingerlings each weighting 2.1±0.254 grams, were released into the polyculture ponds at a rate of 250 individuals per hectare. We recorded survival rates 93.33% and 83.77% for the Pike Perch and the Chinese Carps respectively. During the experiments, the Pike Perch fingerlings attained an average weight of 54.40±13.23 grams. We found significant differences between the results of the Pike Perch polyculture with Chinese carps and those of the common procedures. The total polyculture production was 4446.66 kilograms per hectare as opposed to 3212.8 kilograms in the common procedures.
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421THE EFFECT OF PHYTASE ENZYME ON APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FOUR VEGETATIVE FOOD IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)THE EFFECT OF PHYTASE ENZYME ON APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FOUR VEGETATIVE FOOD IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)496211493010.22092/isfj.2007.114930FAM. RahmatiA. AbedianR. NazariJournal Article20180106We investigated the effect of Phytase enzyme on phosphorus, protein, fat, dry matter and Energy digestibility of four vegetative food comprised of wheat meal (WM), corn meal (CM), wheat bran (WB), rice bran (RB) in rainbow trout feeding. A base diet including fish, soybean and meat flour, was prepared. Four diets were prepared using a mixture of 75% base diet and 25% WM or CM and 85% base diet and 15% WB or RB with similar gross energies. Chromic oxide was added as 0.5% of the diet and used as an indigestibility marker. A phytase solution was sprayed on all diets at a minimum concentration of 1000 phytase units per Kg (FTU/Kg) of dry diets. Experiments were carried out in two cubic meter tanks that were filled with 500 liters of water. Maximum and minimum of temperature, oxygen and pH were 18 and 15°C;8 and 6.8mg/l and 7.7 and 7.5 respectively.<br />Results showed no significant effect of Phytase on the amount of bone phosphorus and protein digestibility (P>0.05), while there was an increase in these indexes with Phytase supplementation. Moreover, Phytase significantly improved digestibility of dry matter.<br />Results also showed that kind of diets had different effects on the nutritional digestibility. The diet containing of WM was the best with those containing CM, WB and RB gradually losing their suitability in terms of the nutritional digestibility. Due to their availability and suitability, we suggest that these diets, especially that containing WM be used in Rain bow trout culture.
We investigated the effect of Phytase enzyme on phosphorus, protein, fat, dry matter and Energy digestibility of four vegetative food comprised of wheat meal (WM), corn meal (CM), wheat bran (WB), rice bran (RB) in rainbow trout feeding. A base diet including fish, soybean and meat flour, was prepared. Four diets were prepared using a mixture of 75% base diet and 25% WM or CM and 85% base diet and 15% WB or RB with similar gross energies. Chromic oxide was added as 0.5% of the diet and used as an indigestibility marker. A phytase solution was sprayed on all diets at a minimum concentration of 1000 phytase units per Kg (FTU/Kg) of dry diets. Experiments were carried out in two cubic meter tanks that were filled with 500 liters of water. Maximum and minimum of temperature, oxygen and pH were 18 and 15°C;8 and 6.8mg/l and 7.7 and 7.5 respectively.<br />Results showed no significant effect of Phytase on the amount of bone phosphorus and protein digestibility (P>0.05), while there was an increase in these indexes with Phytase supplementation. Moreover, Phytase significantly improved digestibility of dry matter.<br />Results also showed that kind of diets had different effects on the nutritional digestibility. The diet containing of WM was the best with those containing CM, WB and RB gradually losing their suitability in terms of the nutritional digestibility. Due to their availability and suitability, we suggest that these diets, especially that containing WM be used in Rain bow trout culture.
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE FISH MEAL PRODUCED FROM ARTEMIA SP.CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE FISH MEAL PRODUCED FROM ARTEMIA SP.637211493110.22092/isfj.2007.114931FAA. ZareiM. HafezeihJournal Article20180106<span>Artemia sp. samples were gathered from three regions, including </span>Urmia<span> </span>Lake<span>, earthem ponds beside </span>Urmia<span> </span>Lake<span>and </span>Ghom Salt Lake<span>. After drying and grinding the samples chemical tests were implemented to determine nutritional value and the mineral composition of the samples. In the next step, under in vitro condition, protein digestibility of samples was determined with Pepsin enzyme method and active lysine was assayed by dye binding method.</span><br /><span>Results showed that nutritional value of Artemia sp. meal is variable. We found that species, region and season of harvest and biomass impurity bring about part of the variability. In Peps indigestibility test, there was a significant difference between the meal produced from Artemia sp. of </span>Urmia Lake<span> and other locations (P<0.05). The highest digestibility was recorded for the Artemia sp of the </span>Ghom<span> </span>Salt<span> </span>Lake<span> (92.74%) and the lowest was found for that of the </span>Urmia Lake<span> (90.47%). For active lysine value, no significant difference was found between the locations. The highest value of the active lysine belonged to the fish meal produced from Artemia sp. of the </span>Urmia Lake<span> (36.68 mmol/16g N) and the lowest value related to the Ghom Artemia sp. (21.65 mmol/16gN).</span><span>Artemia sp. samples were gathered from three regions, including </span>Urmia<span> </span>Lake<span>, earthem ponds beside </span>Urmia<span> </span>Lake<span>and </span>Ghom Salt Lake<span>. After drying and grinding the samples chemical tests were implemented to determine nutritional value and the mineral composition of the samples. In the next step, under in vitro condition, protein digestibility of samples was determined with Pepsin enzyme method and active lysine was assayed by dye binding method.</span><br /><span>Results showed that nutritional value of Artemia sp. meal is variable. We found that species, region and season of harvest and biomass impurity bring about part of the variability. In Peps indigestibility test, there was a significant difference between the meal produced from Artemia sp. of </span>Urmia Lake<span> and other locations (P<0.05). The highest digestibility was recorded for the Artemia sp of the </span>Ghom<span> </span>Salt<span> </span>Lake<span> (92.74%) and the lowest was found for that of the </span>Urmia Lake<span> (90.47%). For active lysine value, no significant difference was found between the locations. The highest value of the active lysine belonged to the fish meal produced from Artemia sp. of the </span>Urmia Lake<span> (36.68 mmol/16g N) and the lowest value related to the Ghom Artemia sp. (21.65 mmol/16gN).</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421EXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF PSP (SAXITOXIN AND DERIVATIVES) FROM SCALLOPEXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF PSP (SAXITOXIN AND DERIVATIVES) FROM SCALLOP736011493210.22092/isfj.2007.114932FAH. ShohmohmmadiJournal Article20180106<span>Paralytic Shellfish Poison (Saxitoxin and derivatives) was extracted by HCL method from frozen scallops. The samples were collected from coastal areas of Iwate prefecture-Japan.<br />Toxicity of the samples was determined with mouse. Bioassay method Intra-peritoneal injection was done toddy strain </span><span><span>♂</span></span><span>19-21 grams male mouse, and death time was listed. In conclusion, 33.80, 38.40, 31.20 MU/g (or 777, 883, 718 STX/100gr) were obtained respectively as the toxicity of the samples of three different sampling areas. The toxicity for the areas was 9.7, 11 and 9 times more than standard level (80STX/100 g) and very dangerous for human consumption. The kind of toxin was determined by comparing HPLC graph of sample with standard saxitoxin HPLC graph.</span><span>Paralytic Shellfish Poison (Saxitoxin and derivatives) was extracted by HCL method from frozen scallops. The samples were collected from coastal areas of Iwate prefecture-Japan.<br />Toxicity of the samples was determined with mouse. Bioassay method Intra-peritoneal injection was done toddy strain </span><span><span>♂</span></span><span>19-21 grams male mouse, and death time was listed. In conclusion, 33.80, 38.40, 31.20 MU/g (or 777, 883, 718 STX/100gr) were obtained respectively as the toxicity of the samples of three different sampling areas. The toxicity for the areas was 9.7, 11 and 9 times more than standard level (80STX/100 g) and very dangerous for human consumption. The kind of toxin was determined by comparing HPLC graph of sample with standard saxitoxin HPLC graph.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421EFFECTS OF WASHING BOUTS AND TIMES ON SURIMI QUALITY PREPARED FROM COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)EFFECTS OF WASHING BOUTS AND TIMES ON SURIMI QUALITY PREPARED FROM COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)819211493310.22092/isfj.2007.114933FAB. ShabanporH. KeshiriZ. MolodiA. Hosseini NezhadJournal Article20180106<span>To prepare common carp surimi, washing was done in different steps (1, 2 and 3 steps) and Times (5, 10 and 15 minutes) and the treatments were tested statistically. The results showed That the 10 minutes washing for 3 times produced surimi that was superior to minced meat in color desirability (1 for surimi versus 7 for minced meat), odor desirability (2 versus 7), flavor desirability (0 versus 5.5) and on the general properties. The process of surimi production also increased water binding capacity from 0.14 to 0.64, pH from 6.21 to 7.34 and gel forming ability from A score to AA score. Tests of moisture content, protein, fat, ash, and total volatile nitrogenous bases (TVB-N) were performed on the samples of the minced meat and the selected treatment of the produced surimi. The extent of changes of these parameters were calculated and compared with available standards. We found that the common carp surimi lacks undesirable flavor and smell of fish and has suitable rheological properties for preparation of different kinds of fish paste products.</span><span>To prepare common carp surimi, washing was done in different steps (1, 2 and 3 steps) and Times (5, 10 and 15 minutes) and the treatments were tested statistically. The results showed That the 10 minutes washing for 3 times produced surimi that was superior to minced meat in color desirability (1 for surimi versus 7 for minced meat), odor desirability (2 versus 7), flavor desirability (0 versus 5.5) and on the general properties. The process of surimi production also increased water binding capacity from 0.14 to 0.64, pH from 6.21 to 7.34 and gel forming ability from A score to AA score. Tests of moisture content, protein, fat, ash, and total volatile nitrogenous bases (TVB-N) were performed on the samples of the minced meat and the selected treatment of the produced surimi. The extent of changes of these parameters were calculated and compared with available standards. We found that the common carp surimi lacks undesirable flavor and smell of fish and has suitable rheological properties for preparation of different kinds of fish paste products.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS ON GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF CASPIAN TROUT LARVA (SALMO TRUTTA CASPIUS)EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS ON GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF CASPIAN TROUT LARVA (SALMO TRUTTA CASPIUS)9310211493410.22092/isfj.2007.114934FAA. SaberA. AbedianF. HayatiJournal Article20180106<span>A 3 * 2 factorial feeding trial of three dietary protein levels (45, 50 and 55%) and two dietary crude energy levels (4200 and 4600cal/g) with three replications was conducted to investigate the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of fingerling Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fingerlings with average weight of 135</span><span>±</span><span>0.24 mg were fed the experimental diets for 45 days. Results indicated that weight gain, FCR, SGR and PER were affected significantly by dietary protein and energy levels (P<0.05). At the constant protein levels growth performance of the fishes were improved as dietary energy levels increased (P<0.05). Also, at the constant energy levels, growth indices and survival were increased significantly as dietary protein level increased (P<0.05). Growth performance of the fishes fed with 50 and 55% protein and 4600cal/g energy were significantly better than other treatments (P<0.05). Lipid content of the fishes fed with high-energy level was significantly higher than those of fed with the low dietary energy (P<0.05). Body moisture of the fishes fed with high-energy level was significantly lower than those fed with the low dietary energy (P<0.05). We suggest that for Caspian trout larva, a diet with 50% protein and 4600cal/g energy is appropriate.</span><span>A 3 * 2 factorial feeding trial of three dietary protein levels (45, 50 and 55%) and two dietary crude energy levels (4200 and 4600cal/g) with three replications was conducted to investigate the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of fingerling Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fingerlings with average weight of 135</span><span>±</span><span>0.24 mg were fed the experimental diets for 45 days. Results indicated that weight gain, FCR, SGR and PER were affected significantly by dietary protein and energy levels (P<0.05). At the constant protein levels growth performance of the fishes were improved as dietary energy levels increased (P<0.05). Also, at the constant energy levels, growth indices and survival were increased significantly as dietary protein level increased (P<0.05). Growth performance of the fishes fed with 50 and 55% protein and 4600cal/g energy were significantly better than other treatments (P<0.05). Lipid content of the fishes fed with high-energy level was significantly higher than those of fed with the low dietary energy (P<0.05). Body moisture of the fishes fed with high-energy level was significantly lower than those fed with the low dietary energy (P<0.05). We suggest that for Caspian trout larva, a diet with 50% protein and 4600cal/g energy is appropriate.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421STOCK ASSESSMENT OF THE CASPIAN SEA IN KUTUM (RUTILUSFRISII KUTUM) IRANIAN COASTAL WATERS OF THE CASPIAN SEASTOCK ASSESSMENT OF THE CASPIAN SEA IN KUTUM (RUTILUSFRISII KUTUM) IRANIAN COASTAL WATERS OF THE CASPIAN SEA10311411497610.22092/isfj.2007.114976FASh. AbdolmalekiD. GhaninezhadJournal Article20180109Caspian Kutum (Rutilusfrisii kutum) is one of the most important commercial bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea that constitute more than 50% of the total annual catch of the bony fishes. In the fishing season of 2003-2004, 5 mobile working groups gathered biometry data in the regions Anzali, Kiashar, Noshahr, Babolsar and Torkmen.<br />Catch statistics of bony fishes was gained from fishing and landing harbors. Total catch of the commercial bony fishes was estimated at 15.5 thousand tons from which the Kutum amounted to 8477 tons, 45.5% of the total. Also, catch of the bony fishes of beach seine cooperatives was estimated at 10667 tons where the Caspian Kutum comprised 5180 tons (48.65%). The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the Caspian Kutum amounted to 93.3 kg/set with the highest value recorded in Noshahr and the lowest amount observed in Anzali and Kiashahr regions. The mean fork length of the species was 36.7±6.1 cm showing a range of 21 to 69 cm. The meanage was measured as 3.82±1.37 years with the range of 1 to 8 years. The age groups 3, 4 and5 years old comprised 87% of the total catch age composition. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters such as L¥ k and t<sub>0</sub> were determined as 70.1cm, 0.138/year and -1.557 years, respectively. Total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality rates of the species were estimated at 1.1/year, 0.28/year and 0.83/year, respectively (considering a surface water Temperature of 14°C). The biomass of the fish was estimated at 25 thousand tons.
Caspian Kutum (Rutilusfrisii kutum) is one of the most important commercial bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea that constitute more than 50% of the total annual catch of the bony fishes. In the fishing season of 2003-2004, 5 mobile working groups gathered biometry data in the regions Anzali, Kiashar, Noshahr, Babolsar and Torkmen.<br />Catch statistics of bony fishes was gained from fishing and landing harbors. Total catch of the commercial bony fishes was estimated at 15.5 thousand tons from which the Kutum amounted to 8477 tons, 45.5% of the total. Also, catch of the bony fishes of beach seine cooperatives was estimated at 10667 tons where the Caspian Kutum comprised 5180 tons (48.65%). The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the Caspian Kutum amounted to 93.3 kg/set with the highest value recorded in Noshahr and the lowest amount observed in Anzali and Kiashahr regions. The mean fork length of the species was 36.7±6.1 cm showing a range of 21 to 69 cm. The meanage was measured as 3.82±1.37 years with the range of 1 to 8 years. The age groups 3, 4 and5 years old comprised 87% of the total catch age composition. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters such as L¥ k and t<sub>0</sub> were determined as 70.1cm, 0.138/year and -1.557 years, respectively. Total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality rates of the species were estimated at 1.1/year, 0.28/year and 0.83/year, respectively (considering a surface water Temperature of 14°C). The biomass of the fish was estimated at 25 thousand tons.
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421STUDYING CASPIAN SHAD (ALOSA CASPIA CASPIA) DIET IN SOUTHWEST COASTAL AREA OF THE CASPIAN SEA, GUILAN PROVINCE WATERSSTUDYING CASPIAN SHAD (ALOSA CASPIA CASPIA) DIET IN SOUTHWEST COASTAL AREA OF THE CASPIAN SEA, GUILAN PROVINCE WATERS11512811497710.22092/isfj.2007.114977FAH. Abdollah PorbiriaK. AbbasiA. KeyvanJ. SabkaraJournal Article20180109<span>Little is known about the biological characteristics of the Caspian shad, a commercial fish of Clupeidae family living in the Caspian Sea. Monthly random samples of the fish were collected at the Guilan province shores, southwest of the Caspian Sea from October 2001 to August 2003. Beach seine and gill nets were used in the sampling. Food items, condition factor and feeding changes with the change in the fish age, sex, station and season after invasion of Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi to the Caspian Sea were studied. Samples (n= 262) had fork length 88-235 (156.7</span><span>±</span><span>31.9) mm, weighed 8-196 (51.92</span><span>±</span><span>32.7) grams and aged 1-6 (2.81</span><span>±</span><span>0.9) years old. The Vacuity Index (CV), Intestinal Relative Length (RLG) and Index of Fullness (IF) of the specimens were determined as 10.3%, 0.52</span><span>±</span><span>0.03 and 102.9</span><span>±</span><span>114.5, respectively. Phytoplankton (specially Rhizosolenia and Spirogyra) comprised 1.8%, zooplanktons (Ostracoda, Rhizopoda, Cladocera, Rotatoria, Copepoda, Cirripedia, Mysidacea, Bivalvia larvae and bony fishes larvae and eggs) comprised 98.0% and benthic fauna (Foraminifera, Porifera, Cumacea, Amphipoda, insects larvae and Palaemonidae) comprised 0.2% of the food abundance in the fish stomach and intestine.<br />Among the food items, orders Copepoda (Acartia spp.) and Cirripedia (cypris Balanus) were the mainfood, comprising 83.1 and 12.9% of abundance, respectively. Acartia comprised 97.3, 80.4, 48.0 and 68.3% of the food in autumn, winter, spring and summer, respectively. For cypris Balanus, these figures were 2.0, 2.6, 41.9 and 25.3% for the seasons. No significant difference was found in food diversity and its abundance between male and female fish and between different ages. Generally, Acartia spp. and Balanus were dominant food items in the male and female fish and in different sized specimens. Acartia comprised about 97.0% of the food abundance in Talesh and Kiashahr areas and 65.7%in Anzali shores. The zooplanktons, as the main food item of the fish have suffered a major decrease due to the invasion of Mnemiopsis leidyi to the southern Caspian Sea. Hence, the index of fullness (IF) and growth of the fish shows a great reduction recently.</span><span>Little is known about the biological characteristics of the Caspian shad, a commercial fish of Clupeidae family living in the Caspian Sea. Monthly random samples of the fish were collected at the Guilan province shores, southwest of the Caspian Sea from October 2001 to August 2003. Beach seine and gill nets were used in the sampling. Food items, condition factor and feeding changes with the change in the fish age, sex, station and season after invasion of Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi to the Caspian Sea were studied. Samples (n= 262) had fork length 88-235 (156.7</span><span>±</span><span>31.9) mm, weighed 8-196 (51.92</span><span>±</span><span>32.7) grams and aged 1-6 (2.81</span><span>±</span><span>0.9) years old. The Vacuity Index (CV), Intestinal Relative Length (RLG) and Index of Fullness (IF) of the specimens were determined as 10.3%, 0.52</span><span>±</span><span>0.03 and 102.9</span><span>±</span><span>114.5, respectively. Phytoplankton (specially Rhizosolenia and Spirogyra) comprised 1.8%, zooplanktons (Ostracoda, Rhizopoda, Cladocera, Rotatoria, Copepoda, Cirripedia, Mysidacea, Bivalvia larvae and bony fishes larvae and eggs) comprised 98.0% and benthic fauna (Foraminifera, Porifera, Cumacea, Amphipoda, insects larvae and Palaemonidae) comprised 0.2% of the food abundance in the fish stomach and intestine.<br />Among the food items, orders Copepoda (Acartia spp.) and Cirripedia (cypris Balanus) were the mainfood, comprising 83.1 and 12.9% of abundance, respectively. Acartia comprised 97.3, 80.4, 48.0 and 68.3% of the food in autumn, winter, spring and summer, respectively. For cypris Balanus, these figures were 2.0, 2.6, 41.9 and 25.3% for the seasons. No significant difference was found in food diversity and its abundance between male and female fish and between different ages. Generally, Acartia spp. and Balanus were dominant food items in the male and female fish and in different sized specimens. Acartia comprised about 97.0% of the food abundance in Talesh and Kiashahr areas and 65.7%in Anzali shores. The zooplanktons, as the main food item of the fish have suffered a major decrease due to the invasion of Mnemiopsis leidyi to the southern Caspian Sea. Hence, the index of fullness (IF) and growth of the fish shows a great reduction recently.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN TO ENERGY RATIOS (PIE) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION OF FARMED PERSIAN STURGEON (ACIPENSER PERSICUS)EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN TO ENERGY RATIOS (PIE) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION OF FARMED PERSIAN STURGEON (ACIPENSER PERSICUS)12914011498010.22092/isfj.2007.114980FAM. MohseniM. PorkazemiM. BahmaniH. PoraliM. SajadiJournal Article20180109<span>To improve Persian sturgeon nutrition and determine its nutritional requirements, a growth trial was conducted to measure optimum dietary protein to energy ratio in Persian sturgeon sub-yearlings. Four diets: H (p/E=21.33mg/kJ), N (P/E=20.24mg/kJ), L (P/E=19.22 mg/kJ) and M (p/E=18.26mg/kJ)were used in the experiment. Triplicate groups of fish were kept in 500L fiberglass tanks under homogenous culture conditions (dissolved oxygen, light and water flow rate) and fed with the experimental diets. Fish were fed to satiation four times per day during 130 days of experiment when the average water temperature and dissolved oxygen were 12.82</span><span>±</span><span>1.48</span><span>°</span><span>C and 9.55<span>±</span></span><span>0.18mg/l respectively. Fish in all treatments grew fast and efficiently utilized the diets. Growth rate, FE, OR, SGR and PER increased with decreasing dietary protein to energy ratios. A higher growth was observed in the fishes fed with lower PIE ratios. Food intake and fatness coefficient increased with increasing dietary energy and decreasing PIE ratios. There were no significant differences in feeding efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish fed with diet N (high carbohydrate and low lipid content) and diet L (low carbohydrate and high lipid content). We conclude that the Persian sturgeon is able to use lipids and carbohydrates as non-protein sources of energy. The results of the present study demonstrated that the protein content and PIE ratio for optimum growth and efficient protein utilization in Persian sturgeon is 40% and 18.3-19.2mg protein/kJ energy, respectively.</span><span>To improve Persian sturgeon nutrition and determine its nutritional requirements, a growth trial was conducted to measure optimum dietary protein to energy ratio in Persian sturgeon sub-yearlings. Four diets: H (p/E=21.33mg/kJ), N (P/E=20.24mg/kJ), L (P/E=19.22 mg/kJ) and M (p/E=18.26mg/kJ)were used in the experiment. Triplicate groups of fish were kept in 500L fiberglass tanks under homogenous culture conditions (dissolved oxygen, light and water flow rate) and fed with the experimental diets. Fish were fed to satiation four times per day during 130 days of experiment when the average water temperature and dissolved oxygen were 12.82</span><span>±</span><span>1.48</span><span>°</span><span>C and 9.55<span>±</span></span><span>0.18mg/l respectively. Fish in all treatments grew fast and efficiently utilized the diets. Growth rate, FE, OR, SGR and PER increased with decreasing dietary protein to energy ratios. A higher growth was observed in the fishes fed with lower PIE ratios. Food intake and fatness coefficient increased with increasing dietary energy and decreasing PIE ratios. There were no significant differences in feeding efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish fed with diet N (high carbohydrate and low lipid content) and diet L (low carbohydrate and high lipid content). We conclude that the Persian sturgeon is able to use lipids and carbohydrates as non-protein sources of energy. The results of the present study demonstrated that the protein content and PIE ratio for optimum growth and efficient protein utilization in Persian sturgeon is 40% and 18.3-19.2mg protein/kJ energy, respectively.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421THE EFFECTS OF CREOSOTE ON MORTALITY RATE AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS OF STELLATE STURGEON (ACIPENSER STELLATUS)THE EFFECTS OF CREOSOTE ON MORTALITY RATE AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS OF STELLATE STURGEON (ACIPENSER STELLATUS)14115011498110.22092/isfj.2007.114981FAA. Mokarami RostamiSh. JamiliH. Khoshbavar RostamiGh. VosoghiH. SpoeiJournal Article20180109<span>The effects of Creosote on Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) juveniles each weighing 3.6</span><span>±</span><span>1 grams was evaluated. Acute toxicity test was undertaken in static water quality at 22°C</span><span>±</span><span>1 according to the OECD method at the Caspian Sea Ecology Institute in 2005. The effect was assessed based on the results of the acute toxicity test. For the test, the hematological and biochemical properties of one control and five experimental groups of the fish juveniles what were exposed to Creosote were compared. The acute toxicity test lasting 96h was performed in fully static water condition with aeration. The 96h LC<sub>50</sub> values of Creosote for Stellate sturgeon juveniles was 1.5 mg/l. The experimental groups of Stellate sturgeon juveniles showed significantly different values (p< 0.05) of erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin count (Hb), hematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCRC), leukocyte count, total protein (TP), glucose, ALP, AST, ALT and LDH of blood serum compared to the control group. Changes in values of erythrocyte and leukocyte profile after exposure to Creosote may be referred to disruption of hematopoiesis as well as to decrease in non-specific immunity of the fish.</span><span>The effects of Creosote on Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) juveniles each weighing 3.6</span><span>±</span><span>1 grams was evaluated. Acute toxicity test was undertaken in static water quality at 22°C</span><span>±</span><span>1 according to the OECD method at the Caspian Sea Ecology Institute in 2005. The effect was assessed based on the results of the acute toxicity test. For the test, the hematological and biochemical properties of one control and five experimental groups of the fish juveniles what were exposed to Creosote were compared. The acute toxicity test lasting 96h was performed in fully static water condition with aeration. The 96h LC<sub>50</sub> values of Creosote for Stellate sturgeon juveniles was 1.5 mg/l. The experimental groups of Stellate sturgeon juveniles showed significantly different values (p< 0.05) of erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin count (Hb), hematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCRC), leukocyte count, total protein (TP), glucose, ALP, AST, ALT and LDH of blood serum compared to the control group. Changes in values of erythrocyte and leukocyte profile after exposure to Creosote may be referred to disruption of hematopoiesis as well as to decrease in non-specific immunity of the fish.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421A SURVEY ON THREE TROUT FARMS PHOSPHORUS LOADING INTO HARAZ RIVER, NORTH IRANA SURVEY ON THREE TROUT FARMS PHOSPHORUS LOADING INTO HARAZ RIVER, NORTH IRAN15116011498210.22092/isfj.2007.114982FAA. VarediF. VahediY. OlomiH. YonesiporA. NasrollahtabarJournal Article20180109A monthly survey on phosphorous loading due to fish farm sewage was conducted from July 2003 to June 2004 in Haraz River. In total, 88 water samples from eight stations and spots up and down of the three fish farms were sampled. The measurement of the phosphorous was carried out by spectrophotometer method (Hitachi, U- 2000 Model). Results showed that the fish farms had effective role in increasing phosphoric load in Haraz River.<br />We found a significant relationship between the orthophosphate (P<0.007) and total phosphorous (P<0.049) released up the station and the station itself. Net variation in phosphate and total phosphorus of the first farm (100 tons production capacity) was recorded as 13.9kg/day and 21.99 kg/day respectively. The same parameters for the second farm (80 tons production capacity) were 7.95kg/day and 15.08kg/day, respectively. The third farm (40 tons production capacity) showed a net variation in phosphate and total phosphorus of 2.28kg/day and 3.63 kg/day, respectively. Organic phosphorus was calculated as 40% for the first farm, 700 meters distance from the other farm, and 47% for the second farm, 300 meters down the other farm. For the third farm with a distance of 6000 meters from the other farm, the organic phosphorous was 37%. We believe that these changes are related to the farm distance, production capacity, and food type used in the farms.
A monthly survey on phosphorous loading due to fish farm sewage was conducted from July 2003 to June 2004 in Haraz River. In total, 88 water samples from eight stations and spots up and down of the three fish farms were sampled. The measurement of the phosphorous was carried out by spectrophotometer method (Hitachi, U- 2000 Model). Results showed that the fish farms had effective role in increasing phosphoric load in Haraz River.<br />We found a significant relationship between the orthophosphate (P<0.007) and total phosphorous (P<0.049) released up the station and the station itself. Net variation in phosphate and total phosphorus of the first farm (100 tons production capacity) was recorded as 13.9kg/day and 21.99 kg/day respectively. The same parameters for the second farm (80 tons production capacity) were 7.95kg/day and 15.08kg/day, respectively. The third farm (40 tons production capacity) showed a net variation in phosphate and total phosphorus of 2.28kg/day and 3.63 kg/day, respectively. Organic phosphorus was calculated as 40% for the first farm, 700 meters distance from the other farm, and 47% for the second farm, 300 meters down the other farm. For the third farm with a distance of 6000 meters from the other farm, the organic phosphorous was 37%. We believe that these changes are related to the farm distance, production capacity, and food type used in the farms.
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION OF SIGANUS SUTOR USING LHRHA2 AND HCG IN HORMOZGAN PROVINCE, SOUTH IRANARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION OF SIGANUS SUTOR USING LHRHA2 AND HCG IN HORMOZGAN PROVINCE, SOUTH IRAN16116811498310.22092/isfj.2007.114983FAH. Foroghi FardGh. ZarshenasE. TazikehB. GharahviJournal Article20180109<span>Feasibility of reproduction of rabbitfish, Siganussutor, using LHRHa2 and HCG hormones were carried out during the years 2003 and 2004. Thirteen fishes were injected in April and May 2004 with LHRHa2 and HCG hormones used for males and females respectively. Injection dosage was 200</span><span>m</span><span>g/kg of fish body weight amounting to 500 IU fish/day. Fish larvae were fed with rotifers which were themselves fed with cultured algae.<br />Two injected female fish and four males responded to injection and spawned in April 2004. The total number of obtained eggs was 1,404,000. Fertilization and hatching rate were %100 and %98.5 respectively. Results revealed that reproduction of Siganus sutor is possible in Hormozgan province, south Iran.</span><span>Feasibility of reproduction of rabbitfish, Siganussutor, using LHRHa2 and HCG hormones were carried out during the years 2003 and 2004. Thirteen fishes were injected in April and May 2004 with LHRHa2 and HCG hormones used for males and females respectively. Injection dosage was 200</span><span>m</span><span>g/kg of fish body weight amounting to 500 IU fish/day. Fish larvae were fed with rotifers which were themselves fed with cultured algae.<br />Two injected female fish and four males responded to injection and spawned in April 2004. The total number of obtained eggs was 1,404,000. Fertilization and hatching rate were %100 and %98.5 respectively. Results revealed that reproduction of Siganus sutor is possible in Hormozgan province, south Iran.</span>Agricultural Research,Education and Extension OrganizationIranian Scientific Fisheries Journal1026-135416120070421ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FISH CULTURE PONDS ON JAJROOD RIVER, TEHRAN PROVINCEENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FISH CULTURE PONDS ON JAJROOD RIVER, TEHRAN PROVINCE16917611498410.22092/isfj.2007.114984FAM. MonavariN. MardaniJournal Article20180109<span>Jajrood</span><span> River and its drainage basin are of utmost importance to Tehran. Samplings were carried out to determine factors affecting water quality and the changes in those factors. Fish culture ponds and the sewage produced by them are one of the most important sources of water contamination in the river. Chemical tests were also conducted in four stations.<br />Considering flow of the river and its morphology, the results show that DO, BOD, COD, NO3, NO2, PH, NH3 and PO4 are in the standard range but the amount of Coliform bacteria in all stations are more than the standard limits.</span><span>Jajrood</span><span> River and its drainage basin are of utmost importance to Tehran. Samplings were carried out to determine factors affecting water quality and the changes in those factors. Fish culture ponds and the sewage produced by them are one of the most important sources of water contamination in the river. Chemical tests were also conducted in four stations.<br />Considering flow of the river and its morphology, the results show that DO, BOD, COD, NO3, NO2, PH, NH3 and PO4 are in the standard range but the amount of Coliform bacteria in all stations are more than the standard limits.</span>