Culturing Rutilus frisii kutum, a Fish Species of the Caspian Sea, to Marketable Size

Rutilus frisii kutum, belonging to family Cyprinidae, was reared using mono-culture and poly-culture (combined with Chinese carps) methods. The culturing process were carried out in earthen ponds from 22 May to 23 October in 1992 and 1993. Physical and chemical factors, transparency of the water, sanitary control and growth of the fishes were surveyed monthly. Nitrate and phosphate fertilizer and animal manure (cow and chicken) were applied to facilitate the growth of phytoplanktons and benthoses. Fertilizer usage were regulated according to the results of hydrochemical analyses and the transparency of the water. The fishes were fed on artificial food, concentrated pellet specially made for Rutilus frisii kutum nutrition (KF). Their diet were calculated using the body weight percentage (biomass) as well as their appetite. The essential characteristics of the water including water temperature (15°c - 27.64°c), pH (6.9 - 8.74), dissolved oxygen (4.79 - 7.25 ppm) and trasparancy of the wa.....