Distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthos in the location of fish cage culture in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran water - Kelarabad)

Authors

Abstract

The study is part of a research project on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters- Kelarabad) was conducted in 2012. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fish farming in cages on the distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthos organisms in the water at a depth of 20 meters Kelarabad. Sampling was monthly at three stations including 1(seating cage), 2 (control with a distance of 500 m) and 3 (50 meters after the cage) using a grab with 30 cm diameter. A total of 6 groups of benthic organisms, including 2 branches, 2classes, 4 families and 6 species were identified. Overall, 23442 specimens of large benthic organisms were counted, the lowest and highest frequency at stations 1 (23.4%) and 2 (46.8%), respectively. The results showed that the highest abundance at station 2 with an average of 646.00±1230.43 N/m2 and biomass with 0.526±1.00 g/m2 in station 3, in which can be due to the lack of cage fish farming activity and the presence of big species to depend Cerastoderma lamarki, respectively. The highest abundance and biomass was in autumn with mean 888.3±1371.58 N/m2 and 0.524±0.887 g/m2 and lowest was in winter with mean 143.33±138.22 N/m2 and 0.070±0.078 g/m2. This could be related to activity fish cage culture and wintering season. The Streblospio gynobranchiata of polychaeta dominant benthic organisms with large population accounted 93.3%. This could be due to exotic species, high power compatibility and suitability related to environmental conditions. The conclusion is that the abundance and biomass of macrobenthos organisms in station 1 was less than other stations in which can be duo to concerned fish cage activity and its effects on organisms’ infauna. Therefore, it is suggested that any activity in the Caspian Sea offshore aquaculture should maintain environmental considerations and implementation of detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) projects.

Keywords


Andrew, S.Y., and Ann, L., 1996. Macro fauna: polychaetes, mollusks & crustacean. In: Methods of the examination of organismal diversity in soil and sediment. Edited by Hall, G.S. UNESCO University Press, Cambridge, pp. 118-132. Birshtein, Y.A., Vinogradov, L.G., Kondakova, N.N., Koun, M.S., Astakhva, T.V., and Ramanova., N.N., 1968. Atlas of invertebrates in the Caspian Sea. Mosko : 412P. (In Russian). Currie, D.R. and Small, E., 2004. Macro benthic community responses to long-term environmental change in an east Australian subtropical estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 63: 315-331. Dauvin, J.C., Ruellet, T., Desroy, N. and Janson, A.L., 2007. The ecological quality status of the Bay of Seine and the Seine estuary: use of biotic indices. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 55: 241-257. Demir, N., Kirkagac, M.U., Pulatsue, S. and Bekcam, S., 2001. Influence of trout cage culture on water guality, plankton and benthos in an Anatolian dam lake. Isr. J. Aquacult., Bamidgeh, 53(3-4): 115-127. Gray, J., 1981. The ecology of marine sediments, a introduction to the structure and function of benthic communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 185P. Hall, P.O.J., Anderson, L.G., Holby, O., Kollberg, S. and Samuelsson, M.O., 1990. Chemical fluxes and mass balance in a marine fish cage farm: I. carbon. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 61: 61-73 Hargrave, B.T., Duplisea, D.E., Pfeifer, E. and Wildish, D.J., 1993. Seasonal changes in benthic fluxes of dissolved oxygen and ammonium associated with marine cultured Atlantic salmon. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 96: 249-257 Heilskov, A.C. and Holmer, M., 2001. Effect of benthic fauna on organic matter mineralization in fish-farm sediment: importance of size and abundance. Jurnal of Marine Science, 58: 427-434. Holme, N.A. and Mclntyre, A.D., 1984. Methods for study of marine benthos, second edition, Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publication, 387P. Jackson, J.B.C., Kirby, M.X., Berger, W.H., Bjorndal, K. A., Botsford, L.W., Bourque, B.J., Bradbury, R.H., Cooke, R., Erlandson, J., Estes, J.A., Hughes, T.P., Kidwell, S., Lange, C.B., Lenihan, H.S., Pandolfi, J.M., Peterson, C.K., Steneck, R.S., Tegner, M.J. and Warner, R.R., 2001. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science, 293: 629-638. Jahani, N., Nabavi, S.N.B., Dehghan, M.S., Mortezaie, S.R.S. and Fazeli, N., 2012. The effect of marine fish cage culture on benthic communities using BOPA in Ghazale Creek (Persian Gulf). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 11(1), 78-88. Kashyap, V.,1997. Life of invertebrates, Pashupati print. Delhi, 1-9. Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P., Bengtsson, J., Grime, J. P., Hector, A., Hooper, D.U., Huston, M.A., Raffaelli, D.G., Schimd, B., Tilman, D. and Wardle, D.A., 2001. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:Current knowledge future challenges. Science, 2001, 294: 804-808 McLusky, D.S., 1990. The estuarine ecosystem, Blackie, Glscow and London, 161-182. Mistri, M., Fano, E.A., Ghion, F. and Rossi, R. 2001. Disturbance and community pattern of Polychaetes inhabiting Valle Magnavacca (Valli di Comacchio, Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy). Marine Ecology, 23(1):31-49. Muniz, P. and Pires, A.M.S. 2000. Polychaete association in a subtropical environment (Sao sebatiao Channel, Brazil). A structureal analysis. Marine Ecology, 21(2):145-160. Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, G.R.J. and Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge M.C., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H. and Troell, M.. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature, 405: 1017-1024. Nybakken, J.W., 1995. Marine biology, an ecological approach, Harper Collins college publishers, California, 328-438. Suthreland, T.F., Martin, A.J. and Levings, C.D., 2001. Characterization of suspended particulate matter surrounding a salmonid net-pen in the Broughton Archiplago, British Columbia. ICES J. Mar. Sci, 58: 404-410. Thompson, B., and Lowe, S., 2004. Assessment of macrobenthose response to sediment contamination in the San Fransisco estuary, Callifornia, USA, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23: 2178-2187. Tomassetti, P., and Porrello, S., 2005. Polychaetes as indicators of marine fish farm organic enrichment. Aquaculture International, 13: 109-128.