آنالیز دی آلل کراس برخی صفات مرتبط با رشد و امید به زندگی در ماهیان زینتی (Puntius tetrazona)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

چکیده

آمیزش بین گونه­ای بطور گسترده­ای برای تولید دورگه­های با صفات برتر در حیوانات آبزی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. در این بررسی توارث مادری، توانایی ترکیب عمومی و اختصاصی، هتروزیس و افت بواسطه همخونی (افزایش هم­تباری) در صفات مرتبط با رشد شامل سرعت رشد بدن بر حسب گرم در روز، سرعت افزایش طول بر حسب میلیمتر در روز، وزن بدن بر حسب گرم، طول و عرض بدن بر حسب میلیمتر و همچنین درصد تلفات در قالب طرح دی آلل کراس کامل در نتاج خالص و دورگه­های حاصل از سه ­گونه تایگر و دو هیبرید آن شامل گرین و آلبینو بارب بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد بالاترین میزان توارث مادری در صفات مذکور مربوط به هیبرید آلبینو بوده و این هیبرید به عنوان لاین مادری بهترین عملکرد را نسبت به دو گونه تاریگر و هیبرید گرین بارب دارا است. میزان توانایی ترکیب عمومی گرین بارب در سه صفت (وزن، طول و عرض بدن) و در دو صفت سرعت رشد بدن و سرعت افزایش طول (تغییر طول) بدن هیبرید آلبینو عملکرد بالاتری نشان داد. مقایسه میزان توانایی ترکیبی خاص نشان دهنده برتری ژنتیکی هیبرید آلبینو هم به عنوان لاین پدری و هم به عنوان والد مادری در ترکیب با دو گونه تایگر و هیبرید گرین بارب بود. در بررسی مربوط به میزان هتروزیس، مقدار آن برای چهار صفت سرعت افزایش طول، وزن بدن، طول و عرض ماهیان منفی برآورد شد، اما میزان آن در دو صفت سرعت رشد بدن و درصد تلفات مثبت بودند که نشان دهنده فاصله ژنتیکی زیاد والدین در دو صفت مذکور می­باشد. میزان افت بواسطه همخونی (افزایش هم­تباری) نیز بیشترین میزان آن مربوط به صفت طول بدن و کمترین میزان آن در بین صفات رشد مربوط به سرعت رشد بدن برآورد شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Diallel cross analysis of traits related to growth and survival of ornamental fish (Puntius tetrazona)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Akbari
  • Gholam Reza Dashab
چکیده [English]

Intra species hybridizations have been extensively used to produce varieties with superior characteristics for use in aquatic animals. In this study, maternal effects, general and specific combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression of growth-related traits, including weight gain, changes in length, weight, body length and width, as well as losses in the form of a complete diallel cross in pure and cross breed results is analyzed in  three strains of Green and Albino Tiger Barb. The results showed that the highest rates of maternal effects on traits was related to species such as Albino and mother line had the best performance compared to other species. General combining ability for Green Barb in the three traits (body weight, body length and width) and two species of Albino trait body weight gain and changes was higher during the performance. Comparison of the ability of a particular compound represents an albino genetic gene pool as well as line paternal mother, in combination with other two species. Investigation about the amount of heterosis showed that its value in four traits of length, weight, length and width, were negative, but the rate of weight gain and mortality were positive. These two traits indicated high genetic distance between parents. The inbreeding depression, the highest rate of body length and the lowest among growth traits were related to weight gain.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diallel cross
  • Ornamental fish
  • Genetic combining ability
  • Specific combining ability
  • heterosis
دهقانی، ح؛ ترابی، م؛ مقدم، م. و قنادها، م.، 1384. تجزیه بای پلات داده­های تلاقی دی آلل تیپ آلودگی زنگ زرد گندم. نهال و بذر 21: 123- 138.
فالکونر.، 1373. آشنایی با ژنتیک کمی. ترجمه مصطفی ولی زاده و محمد مقدم. چاپ اول. انتشارات دانشگاهی تهران.
منتجمی، س؛ ذوالفقاری شارک، ا؛ منتجمی، س. و طاهری، ا.، 1390. آکواریوم و ماهیان آکواریومی آب شیرین. تهران: انتشارات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، 208-206.
Andrews C., 1990. The ornamental fish trade and fish conservation. Journal of Fish Biology, 37 :53-59.
Allendorf B.A., Laery R.F., Spruell P., Wenburg J.K., 2001. The problems with hybrids: Setting conservation guidelines. Trends in ecology and evolution, 16: 613-622.
Bartley D.M., Rana K., Immink A.J., 2001. The use of inter-specific hybrids in aquaculture and fisheries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10: 325-337.
Boswortahn B.,  Wolters D., 2004. Genetic effects for growth and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri estimated from a Diallel Cross among USDA-102 Strain Channel Catfish Zctalurus punctatus, Blue Catfish Zctalurus furcatus, and their F1 Hybrid. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 35(3): 420- 426.
Bryden C.A., Heath D.D., 2004. Performance and heterosis in farmed and wild Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) hybrid and purebred crosses. Aquaculture, 235: 249–261.
Cokerham C.C., 1963. Estimation of genetic variances. In: Hanson WD, Robinson HF (Eds), Statistical genetics and plant breeding. pp.53-94. NASNRCPublishing. 982 P.
Falconer D.S., Mackay T.F.C., 1996. Introduction to quantitative genetics, Fourth edition. Pearson Education, Ltd., Essex, UK 464 P.
Fishback A.G., Danzmann R.G., Ferguson M.M., Gibson J.P., 2002. Estimates of genetic parameters and genotype by environment interactions for growth traits of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as inferred using molecular pedigrees. Aquaculture, 206: 137–150.
Froese R., Pauly D., 2011. Available from http://www.fishbase.org/Sum mary/speciesSummary.php?ID=4766&genusname=Puntius&speciesname=tetrazona&     AT=Puntius+tetrazona&lang=English/
Gall G.A.E., Bakar Y., 2002. Application of mixed-model techniques to fish breed improvement: Analysis of breeding-value selection to increase 98-day body weight in tilapia. Aquaculture, 212: 93–113.
Gall G.A.E., Huang N., 1988. Heritability and selection schemes for rainbow trout: Body weight. Aquaculture, 73: 43–56.
Garcia de Leon F.J., Canonne M., Quillet E., Bonhomme F., Chatain B., 1998. The application of microsatellites markers to breeding programmes in the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 159: 303–316.
Gardner C.O., Eberhart S.A., 1966. Analysis and interpretation of the varity cross diallel and related populations. Biometerics, 22: 439-4592.
Gjedrem T., 2005. Selection and breeding programs in aquaculture. Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 145–158.
Gjerde B., Maluwa A.O., 2006. Estimates of the strain additive, maternal and heterosis genetic effects for harvest body weight of an F2 generation of Oreochromis shiranus. Aquacalture, 259: 38-46.
Goyard E., Goarant C., Ansquer D., Brun P., de Decker S., Dufour R., Galinié C., Peignon J., Pham D., Vourey E., 2008. Cross breeding of different domesticated lines as a simple way for genetic improvement in small aquaculture industries: heterosis and inbreeding effects on growth and survival rates of the Pacific blue shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) styrostris. Aquaculture, 278: 43–50.
Griffing B., 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing system.  Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 463-493.
Hamzah A., Ponzoni R., Nguyen N.H., Khaw H.L., Kamaruzzaman N., Abubakar K.R., Yee, H.Y., 2008. Genetic improvement of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) – Present and future. 8th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Pp. 33-52.
Hardy R., 2003. Introduction to the special issue on ‘Ornamental fish’. Aquaculture Research, 34, 903.
Hayman B.I., 1954. The analysis of variance of diallel tables. Biometerics, 10: 235-244.
Herbinger C.M., Doyle R.W., Pitman E.R., Paquet D., Mesa K.A., Morris D.B., Wright J.M., Cook D., 1995. DNA fingerprinting based analysis of paternal and maternal effects on offspring growth and survival in communally reared rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 137: 245–256.
Jinks J.L., 1954. The analysis of heritable variation in diallel cross of Nicotiana rustica varieties. Genetics, 39: 767-788.
Kempthorne O., 1956. The theory of diallel cross. 41: 451-459.
Larkin S.L., 2003. The U.S. wholesale marine ornamental market: Trade, landings, and market opinions. Marine Ornamental Species: Collection, Culture and Conservation,Pp.77-89.
Lee J., Kaltsikes P.J., 1972. Supplemental information on the use of computer program for the Jinks-Hyman diallel analysis of data from F1, F2 and F3 generations. Crop Science, 12: 633.
Li K., Chang O., Wang F., Liu C.H., Liang H., Wu S.H., 2012. Ultrastructure, development, and molecular phylogeny of Pleistophora hyphessobryconis, a broad host microsporidian parasite of Puntius tetrazona. Parasitol Research, 111: 1715–1724.
Luo W., Zeng C., Yi S.H., Robinson N., Wang W., Gao Z., 2014. Heterosis and combining ability evaluation for growth traits of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) when crossbreeding three strains. Chinese Scientific Bulletin, 59(9): 857–864.
Maluwa A.O., Gjerde B., 2006. Genetic evaluation of four strains of Oreochromis shiranus for harvest body weight in a diallel cross. Aquaculture, 259: 28–37.
Nukwan S., Tangtrongpiros M., Lawanyawut K., Veerasidth P., 1990. Cross breeding between Clarias macrocephalus and Clarias gariepinus. Proceedings of the 28th Kasetsart University Conference, Fisheries Section, Bangkok. 29–31 January 1990. Pp. 553–567.
Parsad R., 2000. Use of nested designs in diallel cross experiments. I.A.S.R.I., Library Avenue, New Delhi- 110012. Pp. 305-326.
Pelicice F.M., Agostinho A.A., 2005. Perspectives on ornamental fisheries in the upper Paran´a River floodplain, Brazil. Fisheries Research, 72: 109–119.
Pethiyagoda R., Meegaskumbura M., Maduwage K., 2012. A synopsis of the South Asian fishes        referred to Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Ichthyology Exploration Freshwater, 23(1): 69- 95.
Prang G., 2007. An industry analysis of the freshwater ornamental fishery with particular reference to the supply of Brazilian freshwater ornamentals to the UK market. Uakari, 3: 7–51.
Saillant E., Dupont-Nivet M., Haffray P., Chatain B., 2006. Estimates of heritability and genotype–environment interactions for body weight in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) raised under communal rearing conditions. Aquaculture, 254: 139–147.
Scheerer P.D., Thorgaard G.H., 1983. Increased survival in salmonid hybrids by induced triploidy. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40: 2040-2044.
Shahreza M.S., Asma A.N., Patimah S.G., 1998. Genetic differences of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona ) in Perak population using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Proceedings of the Tenth National Biotechnology Seminar. Pp. 291-294.
Sprague G.F., Tatum L.A., 1942. General versus specific combining ability in single crosses of corn. Journal of American Society of Agronomy, 34: 923-932.
Su S.H., Xu P., Yuan X.I., 2013. Estimates of combining ability and heterosis for growth traits in a full diallel cross of three strains of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(22): 3514-3521.
Vandeputte M., Kocour M., Mauger S., Dupont-Nivet M., De Guerry D., Rodina M., Gela D., Vallod D., Chevassus B., Linhart O., 2004. Heritability estimates for growth-related traits using microsatellite parentage assignment in juvenile common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture, 235: 223–236.
Walter D.E., Morton J.R., 1978. On the analysis of variance of half diallel table. Biometerics, 34: 91-94.
Wangila B.C.C., Dick T.A., 1996. Genetic effects and growth performance in pure and hybrid strains of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 27: 35–41.